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Publications

Books

  • Information Warfare in the Age of Cyber Conflict (Routledge), with Brian Mazanec and Trevor Thrall, July 28, 2020.

  • Artificial Intelligence and Military Innovation (Georgetown University Press), with Benjamin Jensen and Scott Cuomo, October 3, 2023. 

  • Subversion 2.0: Leaderlessness, the Internet and the Fringes of Global Society (Oxford University Press), July 30, 2024.

Journal Publications
  • Artificial Intelligence and the Battlespace of Tomorrow,” International Studies Review, Forthcoming.

  • "“Beyond ‘Bigger, Faster, Smarter, Better’: Assessing Thinking on Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Conflict,” The Cyber Defense Review, Fall 2023.

  • “Cyberspace is What States Make of It: The Social Construction (and Deconstruction) of Strategic Concepts,” Comparative Strategy, December 2022.

  • From Russia with Fear: Fear Appeals and the Targeting of Cyber-Enabled Influence Operations,” Journal of Cybersecurity, Issue 1, 2023, tyad016, August 24, 2023.

  • Learning to Trust Skynet: Interfacing with Artificial Intelligence in Cyberspace,” Contemporary Security Policy, Vol. 44, Issue 2, March 10, 2023.

  • Terror Through the Looking Glass: Information Orientations and the Lens of Web Search Engines,” Terrorism & Political Violence, December 28, 2022.

  • Developing the “Hackalong”: Overcoming Experiential Obstacles for Cybersecurity Students in Homeland Security Programs,” Journal of Security, Intelligence and Resilience Education, Volume 14, December 2022.

  • "Machine Expertise in the Loop: How Military Decision-Makers React to AI Intelligence Delivery in Crisis,IEEE: Cyber Conflict, 14th International Conference (CyCon) Proceedings, May 2022.

  • "Unpacking Strategic Behavior in Cyberspace: A Schema-Based Approach,Journal of Cybersecurity, Volume 8, Issue 1, 2022.

  • "Breaking the Myth of Cyber Doom: Securitization and the Normalization of Novel Security Threats,International Studies Quarterly, May 15, 2021.

  • Poison, Persistence and Cascade Effects: Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Conflict,” Strategic Studies Quarterly, Winter 2020/21 Edition, In press. 

  • Cyber Conflict or Democracy ‘Hacked?’ How Cyber Operations Enhance Information Warfare” Journal of Cybersecurity, no. 1: tyaa013.

  • DeepFake News: AI-Enabled Disinformation as a Multi-Level Public Policy Challenge,Journal of Cyber Policy, 5, no. 2 (2020): 199-217.

  • Beyond Tit-for-Tat in Cyberspace: Digital Insecurity, Political Warfare and Escalation Online,” European Journal of International Security, 5(2), June 2020, pp. 195-214.

  • Protectors Without Prerogative: The Challenge of Military Defense Against Information Warfare,” Journal of Advanced Military Studies, Summer 2020.

  • Problems of Poison: New Paradigms and “Agreed” Competition in the Era of AI-Enabled Cyber Operations,” in IEEE: Cyber Conflict, 12th International Conference (CyCon) Proceedings, May 2020.    

  • Of Commissars and Conspiratorial Communities: The Role of Countercultural Spaces in “Democracy Hacking” Campaigns,First Monday, 25(4), 6 April, 2020.

  • Using Mini-Games to Teach Cyber Issues to Social Science Students,” Journal of Political Science Education, 2020: 1-11.

  • "Cyber Wargaming: Grappling with Uncertainty in a Complex Domain,” Defense Strategy and Assessment Journal, 5(3) December 2019, with Miguel Gomez

  • "Algorithms at War: The Promise, Perils and Limits of Artificial Intelligence,” International Studies Review, 24 June 2019, with Benjamin Jensen and Scott Cuomo

  • "Can we change the topic? Assessing the theoretical construction of research in the International Relations field,” International Studies Quarterly, 63, no. 2 (2019): 432-447.

Under Review & In Progress
  • "Artificial Intelligence, Cyberspace and National Security,” Book Manuscript (under review).

  • Explaining Death Rays and Killer Code: An Information Theory of Military Innovation” (under review).

  • Shots from the EternalBlue: How Technological Novelty Impacts Conflict Escalation” (revise and resubmit).

  • Cyber-Enabled Information Operations and the Subversion Aversion Paradox” (under review).

  • "The Informational Anatomy of Cyber Attacks: Assessing the Lens of Search Engine Algorithms," (revise and resubmit)

  • Crossing the Rubicon at Twilight: Cyber Conflict, Escalation and the Path to Overconfidence,” (in progress)

  • Ghosts in the Code: Power and Metamorphism in the Age of the Internet,” (revise and resubmit)

  • Not for King and Country: The Needs and Networks of Patriotic Hackers,” (in progress)

Selected Non-Journal Publications
  • The Future of Algorithmic Warfare (Parts I, II, III and IV)War on the Rocks

  • The psychological and strategic challenges posed by AI-enhanced cyberattacks and influence campaigns,”  CSO Online

  • How the Wagner revolt could change Russia’s cyber operations,”  CSO Online

  • Why Russia's cyber arms transfers are poor threat predictors,”  CSO Online

  • NTC Vulkan leak shows evolving Russian cyberwar capabilities,” CSO Online

  • Why Investments in Better Infrastructure Cyber Defense Are Just a Start,” CPO Magazine

  • Russia’s AI setbacks will likely heighten its cyber aggression,” CSO Online

  • Cyber and Nuclear Threats Make for a Dangerous Mix in Ukraine,” World Politics Review

  • Leaked hacker logs show weaknesses of Russia’s cyber proxy ecosystem,” CSO Online

  • Learning the Right Cybersecurity Lessons From Putin,” Foreign Policy

  • Cyber volunteers make unprecedented case for investments in digital education,” Richmond Times Dispatch

  • An Isolated Russia Will Pose New Cyber Threats,” The National Interest

  • The Dangers of Pushing Fringe Elements Back to the Fringe,” Small Wars Journal

  • Removing Trump from Social Media Doesn’t Fix America’s Subversion Problem,” U.S. News and World Report

  • Watts, John, Ben Jensen, JD Work, Nina Kollars and Christopher Whyte. Alternate Cybersecurity Futures. Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security, Atlantic Council, September 6, 2019.

  • Wargaming with Athena: How to Make Militaries Smarter, Faster, and More Efficient with Artificial Intelligence,War on the Rocks

  • Drones for Our Allies?Foreign Policy

  • The Odds of a Secret Iranian Nuke,” The National Interest

  • Recapturing Internationalism: Institutional Development for NATO’s Next Generations,” Atlantic Community 

  • The Military Lens: Doctrinal Difference and Deterrence Failure in Sino-American Relations,” by Christopher Twomey, Millennium Journal of International Studies, 40(1): 188-190 

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