Publications
Books
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Understanding Cyber Warfare: Politics, Policy, & Strategy (Routledge) with Brian Mazanec, December 2018.
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Second Edition (Routledge) with Brian Mazanec, January 2023.​
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Information Warfare in the Age of Cyber Conflict (Routledge), with Brian Mazanec and Trevor Thrall, July 28, 2020.
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Artificial Intelligence and Military Innovation (Georgetown University Press), with Benjamin Jensen and Scott Cuomo, October 3, 2023.
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Subversion 2.0: Leaderlessness, the Internet and the Fringes of Global Society (Oxford University Press), July 30, 2024.
Journal Publications
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“Artificial Intelligence and the Battlespace of Tomorrow,” International Studies Review, Forthcoming.
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"“Beyond ‘Bigger, Faster, Smarter, Better’: Assessing Thinking on Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Conflict,” The Cyber Defense Review, Fall 2023.
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“Cyberspace is What States Make of It: The Social Construction (and Deconstruction) of Strategic Concepts,” Comparative Strategy, December 2022.
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“From Russia with Fear: Fear Appeals and the Targeting of Cyber-Enabled Influence Operations,” Journal of Cybersecurity, Issue 1, 2023, tyad016, August 24, 2023.
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“Learning to Trust Skynet: Interfacing with Artificial Intelligence in Cyberspace,” Contemporary Security Policy, Vol. 44, Issue 2, March 10, 2023.
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“Terror Through the Looking Glass: Information Orientations and the Lens of Web Search Engines,” Terrorism & Political Violence, December 28, 2022.
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“Developing the “Hackalong”: Overcoming Experiential Obstacles for Cybersecurity Students in Homeland Security Programs,” Journal of Security, Intelligence and Resilience Education, Volume 14, December 2022.
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"Machine Expertise in the Loop: How Military Decision-Makers React to AI Intelligence Delivery in Crisis," IEEE: Cyber Conflict, 14th International Conference (CyCon) Proceedings, May 2022.
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"Unpacking Strategic Behavior in Cyberspace: A Schema-Based Approach," Journal of Cybersecurity, Volume 8, Issue 1, 2022.
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"Breaking the Myth of Cyber Doom: Securitization and the Normalization of Novel Security Threats," International Studies Quarterly, May 15, 2021.
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“Poison, Persistence and Cascade Effects: Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Conflict,” Strategic Studies Quarterly, Winter 2020/21 Edition, In press.
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“Cyber Conflict or Democracy ‘Hacked?’ How Cyber Operations Enhance Information Warfare” Journal of Cybersecurity, no. 1: tyaa013.
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“DeepFake News: AI-Enabled Disinformation as a Multi-Level Public Policy Challenge,” Journal of Cyber Policy, 5, no. 2 (2020): 199-217.
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“Beyond Tit-for-Tat in Cyberspace: Digital Insecurity, Political Warfare and Escalation Online,” European Journal of International Security, 5(2), June 2020, pp. 195-214.
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“Protectors Without Prerogative: The Challenge of Military Defense Against Information Warfare,” Journal of Advanced Military Studies, Summer 2020.
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“Problems of Poison: New Paradigms and “Agreed” Competition in the Era of AI-Enabled Cyber Operations,” in IEEE: Cyber Conflict, 12th International Conference (CyCon) Proceedings, May 2020.
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“Of Commissars and Conspiratorial Communities: The Role of Countercultural Spaces in “Democracy Hacking” Campaigns,” First Monday, 25(4), 6 April, 2020.
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“Using Mini-Games to Teach Cyber Issues to Social Science Students,” Journal of Political Science Education, 2020: 1-11.
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"Cyber Wargaming: Grappling with Uncertainty in a Complex Domain,” Defense Strategy and Assessment Journal, 5(3) December 2019, with Miguel Gomez
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"Algorithms at War: The Promise, Perils and Limits of Artificial Intelligence,” International Studies Review, 24 June 2019, with Benjamin Jensen and Scott Cuomo
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"Can we change the topic? Assessing the theoretical construction of research in the International Relations field,” International Studies Quarterly, 63, no. 2 (2019): 432-447.
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"Cryptoterrorism: Assessing the Utility of Blockchain Technologies for Terrorist Enterprise,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Online First, Jan. 2, 2019.
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"Crossing the Digital Divide: Monism, Dualism and the Reason Collective Action is Critical for Cyber Theory Production,” Politics & Governance, June 2018
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"Rethinking the Data Wheel: Automating Open-Access, Public Data on Cyber Conflict" with Brandon Valeriano, Benjamin Jensen and Ryan Maness, IEEE Cyber Conflict (CyCon), May 2018.
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“Dissecting the Digital World: Old Questions, New Directions," International Studies Review, 2018, pp. 1521-9488.
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“Developed States' Vulnerability to Economic Disruption Online,” Orbis, 60(3): pp. 1-16
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“Ending Cyber Coercion: Digital Diplomacy and the Case of North Korea,” Comparative Strategy, 35(2): pp. 1-11
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“Regional Structures & Post-Colonial Legitimacy: Understanding the Policy Dynamics of Asian Regionalism,” Asian Politics & Policy (published online April 27, 2016; forthcoming in print)
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“On the Future of Order in Cyberspace,” Strategic Studies Quarterly, 9(2):pp. 69-77
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“Power and Predation in Cyberspace,” Strategic Studies Quarterly, 9(1):pp. 100-118
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“Thinking Inside the (Black) Box: Agenda Setting, Information Seeking and the Marketplace of Ideas in the 2012 Presidential Election,” New Media and Society (Forthcoming in print, published online December,2014)
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Under Review & In Progress
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"Artificial Intelligence, Cyberspace and National Security,” Book Manuscript (under review).
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“Explaining Death Rays and Killer Code: An Information Theory of Military Innovation” (under review).
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“Shots from the EternalBlue: How Technological Novelty Impacts Conflict Escalation” (revise and resubmit).
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“Cyber-Enabled Information Operations and the Subversion Aversion Paradox” (under review).
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"The Informational Anatomy of Cyber Attacks: Assessing the Lens of Search Engine Algorithms," (revise and resubmit)
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“Crossing the Rubicon at Twilight: Cyber Conflict, Escalation and the Path to Overconfidence,” (in progress)
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“Ghosts in the Code: Power and Metamorphism in the Age of the Internet,” (revise and resubmit)
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“Not for King and Country: The Needs and Networks of Patriotic Hackers,” (in progress)
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Selected Non-Journal Publications
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“The Future of Algorithmic Warfare (Parts I, II, III and IV)" War on the Rocks
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“The psychological and strategic challenges posed by AI-enhanced cyberattacks and influence campaigns,” CSO Online
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“How the Wagner revolt could change Russia’s cyber operations,” CSO Online
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“Why Russia's cyber arms transfers are poor threat predictors,” CSO Online
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“NTC Vulkan leak shows evolving Russian cyberwar capabilities,” CSO Online
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“Why Investments in Better Infrastructure Cyber Defense Are Just a Start,” CPO Magazine
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“Russia’s AI setbacks will likely heighten its cyber aggression,” CSO Online
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“Cyber and Nuclear Threats Make for a Dangerous Mix in Ukraine,” World Politics Review
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“Leaked hacker logs show weaknesses of Russia’s cyber proxy ecosystem,” CSO Online
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“Learning the Right Cybersecurity Lessons From Putin,” Foreign Policy
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“Cyber volunteers make unprecedented case for investments in digital education,” Richmond Times Dispatch
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“An Isolated Russia Will Pose New Cyber Threats,” The National Interest
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“The Dangers of Pushing Fringe Elements Back to the Fringe,” Small Wars Journal
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“Removing Trump from Social Media Doesn’t Fix America’s Subversion Problem,” U.S. News and World Report
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Watts, John, Ben Jensen, JD Work, Nina Kollars and Christopher Whyte. Alternate Cybersecurity Futures. Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security, Atlantic Council, September 6, 2019.
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“Wargaming with Athena: How to Make Militaries Smarter, Faster, and More Efficient with Artificial Intelligence,” War on the Rocks
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“Competition in Cyberspace: Why Russia’s Anti-Privacy Hacking is Doomed to Fail,” Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
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"The Dilemma of Arming Rebels,” The National Interest
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“How Chinese Censorship Works,” The National Interest
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“Cybersecurity, Innovation and National Power,” The National Interest
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“Cybersecurity and the Limits of Leader Summits,” Diplomat
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“Drones for Our Allies?” Foreign Policy
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“The Odds of a Secret Iranian Nuke,” The National Interest
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“Recapturing Internationalism: Institutional Development for NATO’s Next Generations,” Atlantic Community
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“The Military Lens: Doctrinal Difference and Deterrence Failure in Sino-American Relations,” by Christopher Twomey, Millennium Journal of International Studies, 40(1): 188-190
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